diff --git a/images/topology_knit_warp.png b/images/topology_knit_warp.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..15300c018f7039139fd39377f6c50614fa6e2d43 Binary files /dev/null and b/images/topology_knit_warp.png differ diff --git a/images/topology_knit_weft.png b/images/topology_knit_weft.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ce59e6962a58426ab5017dab6d5a4ab247b5ac80 Binary files /dev/null and b/images/topology_knit_weft.png differ diff --git a/images/topology_woven.png b/images/topology_woven.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..eb2e0bcc6740dc7a06b9b41314a1d4ab0904a6c8 Binary files /dev/null and b/images/topology_woven.png differ diff --git a/images/weaving_diagram.png b/images/weaving_diagram.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dc63c1d9aee3b3166da38aec9ddc1d778554f7fa Binary files /dev/null and b/images/weaving_diagram.png differ diff --git a/images/weaving_fly_shuttle.jpg b/images/weaving_fly_shuttle.jpg new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..69e1fcebeeea39fc7ea80a98d3d9fffee6496c31 Binary files /dev/null and b/images/weaving_fly_shuttle.jpg differ diff --git a/images/weaving_hand_loom.jpg b/images/weaving_hand_loom.jpg new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2bfc295e5bd7c2668d5bb9b65f8a0618b6e9d2e2 Binary files /dev/null and b/images/weaving_hand_loom.jpg differ diff --git a/images/weaving_heddles.jpg b/images/weaving_heddles.jpg new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..25eeb06daa2ad539866a5d27fcc880118330650d Binary files /dev/null and b/images/weaving_heddles.jpg differ diff --git a/images/weaving_warping_machine.jpg b/images/weaving_warping_machine.jpg new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b469c38aa35cad8e33d3c687a24009aca879d1e4 Binary files /dev/null and b/images/weaving_warping_machine.jpg differ diff --git a/index.html b/index.html index 5b5c086c792cc031cc2802ca526659f4f7c08e49..2ff9b382a7a296415ecaa1bccfc1a8457c5a14e3 100644 --- a/index.html +++ b/index.html @@ -111,8 +111,18 @@ For example, the cotton involves notably: As for the special man-made "monofilament" yarns, they undergo one of two similar processes: * Preform to fiber (see papers: [n1](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-26561-8), [n2](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-11986-0)) consists in pulling on a block of carefully crafted material that is driven to its glass temperature. This process allows functional components to be inserted inside of the fiber. + * Done at [AFFOA](http://go.affoa.org/) * Pellets to fiber processes typically material pellets that are then pulled into a fiber (e.g. [recycling plastics to fiber](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zyF9MxlcItw) and 3d printing filament) +Notable applications include: + +* [Optical fiber](https://www.thorlabs.com/newgrouppage9.cfm?objectgroup_id=6832#ad-image-0), typically pulled from a preform +* Recycling plastics into garment fiber +* 3D printing filament + + + + @@ -120,10 +130,77 @@ As for the special man-made "monofilament" yarns, they undergo one of two simila ### Weaving +Terms: + +* **Warp**: vertical threads (columns / wales), as many as needed to cover the width of the fabric +* **Weft**: horizontal thread (rows / courses), from one to multiple depending on the pattern +* **Shedding**: the creation of a *shed* under which the weft thread goes, by pulling a selection of warp threads up +* **Shuttle**: the device used to transfer the weft across the shed +* **Heddle**: the individual eyelet through which each warp thread is pulled (up or not) +* **Beating-up**: the process of compacting the weft to create a woven structure with correct tension + + + + + +Weaving is a parallel process through which one or multiple weft threads are woven in between columns of warp threads. +At its core, the process consists of: + +1. Creating a shed by pulling a selection of warp threads up +2. Inserting the weft across the shed +3. Beating up the weft to compact it (and ensure its good tension) + +There are many variants of *looms* (the machine through which weaving is done) with various ways to select the warp threads (either in groups or individually), +as well as various ways to transfer the weft across the shed (e.g., manually or with a flying shuttle). + + + + + +For an introduction to weaving, see "The history and principles of weaving by hand and by power", Barlow, 1879. +Available on [archive.org](https://archive.org/details/historyprinciple00barluoft/). + +For a more modern reference, see "Shuttleless weaving machines", Talavasek, 1981. + + + + + +One inconvenience of weaving machines is that they require a complex setup to prepare the warp threads (easily thousands of them) and their tensioning, before anything can be done. + + + + + + ### Lace + + + + + + + ### Knitting + + + + + +### Crochet + + + +### Knotting + +The art of making knots. +Knitting / crochet, not with loops, but with knots. + + + + ## Credits This recitation was crafted by [Alexander Zimmer](https://www.kniterate.com/about/), [Carmel Snow](http://www.carmelsnow.com/) and [Alexandre Kaspar](http://w-x.ch).