diff --git a/dependencies/backbone-min.js b/dependencies/backbone-min.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8ea4b13d3738f24090a8172bae54d520452b6224
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dependencies/backbone-min.js
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+(function(t,e){if(typeof define==="function"&&define.amd){define(["underscore","jquery","exports"],function(i,r,s){t.Backbone=e(t,s,i,r)})}else if(typeof exports!=="undefined"){var i=require("underscore");e(t,exports,i)}else{t.Backbone=e(t,{},t._,t.jQuery||t.Zepto||t.ender||t.$)}})(this,function(t,e,i,r){var s=t.Backbone;var n=[];var a=n.push;var o=n.slice;var h=n.splice;e.VERSION="1.1.2";e.$=r;e.noConflict=function(){t.Backbone=s;return this};e.emulateHTTP=false;e.emulateJSON=false;var u=e.Events={on:function(t,e,i){if(!c(this,"on",t,[e,i])||!e)return this;this._events||(this._events={});var r=this._events[t]||(this._events[t]=[]);r.push({callback:e,context:i,ctx:i||this});return this},once:function(t,e,r){if(!c(this,"once",t,[e,r])||!e)return this;var s=this;var n=i.once(function(){s.off(t,n);e.apply(this,arguments)});n._callback=e;return this.on(t,n,r)},off:function(t,e,r){var s,n,a,o,h,u,l,f;if(!this._events||!c(this,"off",t,[e,r]))return this;if(!t&&!e&&!r){this._events=void 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i.invoke(this.models,"get",t)},fetch:function(t){t=t?i.clone(t):{};if(t.parse===void 0)t.parse=true;var e=t.success;var r=this;t.success=function(i){var s=t.reset?"reset":"set";r[s](i,t);if(e)e(r,i,t);r.trigger("sync",r,i,t)};q(this,t);return this.sync("read",this,t)},create:function(t,e){e=e?i.clone(e):{};if(!(t=this._prepareModel(t,e)))return false;if(!e.wait)this.add(t,e);var r=this;var s=e.success;e.success=function(t,i){if(e.wait)r.add(t,e);if(s)s(t,i,e)};t.save(null,e);return t},parse:function(t,e){return t},clone:function(){return new this.constructor(this.models)},_reset:function(){this.length=0;this.models=[];this._byId={}},_prepareModel:function(t,e){if(t instanceof p)return t;e=e?i.clone(e):{};e.collection=this;var r=new this.model(t,e);if(!r.validationError)return r;this.trigger("invalid",this,r.validationError,e);return false},_addReference:function(t,e){this._byId[t.cid]=t;if(t.id!=null)this._byId[t.id]=t;if(!t.collection)t.collection=this;t.on("all",this._onModelEvent,this)},_removeReference:function(t,e){if(this===t.collection)delete t.collection;t.off("all",this._onModelEvent,this)},_onModelEvent:function(t,e,i,r){if((t==="add"||t==="remove")&&i!==this)return;if(t==="destroy")this.remove(e,r);if(e&&t==="change:"+e.idAttribute){delete this._byId[e.previous(e.idAttribute)];if(e.id!=null)this._byId[e.id]=e}this.trigger.apply(this,arguments)}});var _=["forEach","each","map","collect","reduce","foldl","inject","reduceRight","foldr","find","detect","filter","select","reject","every","all","some","any","include","contains","invoke","max","min","toArray","size","first","head","take","initial","rest","tail","drop","last","without","difference","indexOf","shuffle","lastIndexOf","isEmpty","chain","sample"];i.each(_,function(t){g.prototype[t]=function(){var e=o.call(arguments);e.unshift(this.models);return i[t].apply(i,e)}});var b=["groupBy","countBy","sortBy","indexBy"];i.each(b,function(t){g.prototype[t]=function(e,r){var s=i.isFunction(e)?e:function(t){return t.get(e)};return i[t](this.models,s,r)}});var w=e.View=function(t){this.cid=i.uniqueId("view");t||(t={});i.extend(this,i.pick(t,E));this._ensureElement();this.initialize.apply(this,arguments);this.delegateEvents()};var x=/^(\S+)\s*(.*)$/;var E=["model","collection","el","id","attributes","className","tagName","events"];i.extend(w.prototype,u,{tagName:"div",$:function(t){return this.$el.find(t)},initialize:function(){},render:function(){return this},remove:function(){this.$el.remove();this.stopListening();return this},setElement:function(t,i){if(this.$el)this.undelegateEvents();this.$el=t instanceof e.$?t:e.$(t);this.el=this.$el[0];if(i!==false)this.delegateEvents();return this},delegateEvents:function(t){if(!(t||(t=i.result(this,"events"))))return this;this.undelegateEvents();for(var e in t){var r=t[e];if(!i.isFunction(r))r=this[t[e]];if(!r)continue;var s=e.match(x);var n=s[1],a=s[2];r=i.bind(r,this);n+=".delegateEvents"+this.cid;if(a===""){this.$el.on(n,r)}else{this.$el.on(n,a,r)}}return this},undelegateEvents:function(){this.$el.off(".delegateEvents"+this.cid);return this},_ensureElement:function(){if(!this.el){var t=i.extend({},i.result(this,"attributes"));if(this.id)t.id=i.result(this,"id");if(this.className)t["class"]=i.result(this,"className");var r=e.$("<"+i.result(this,"tagName")+">").attr(t);this.setElement(r,false)}else{this.setElement(i.result(this,"el"),false)}}});e.sync=function(t,r,s){var n=T[t];i.defaults(s||(s={}),{emulateHTTP:e.emulateHTTP,emulateJSON:e.emulateJSON});var a={type:n,dataType:"json"};if(!s.url){a.url=i.result(r,"url")||M()}if(s.data==null&&r&&(t==="create"||t==="update"||t==="patch")){a.contentType="application/json";a.data=JSON.stringify(s.attrs||r.toJSON(s))}if(s.emulateJSON){a.contentType="application/x-www-form-urlencoded";a.data=a.data?{model:a.data}:{}}if(s.emulateHTTP&&(n==="PUT"||n==="DELETE"||n==="PATCH")){a.type="POST";if(s.emulateJSON)a.data._method=n;var o=s.beforeSend;s.beforeSend=function(t){t.setRequestHeader("X-HTTP-Method-Override",n);if(o)return o.apply(this,arguments)}}if(a.type!=="GET"&&!s.emulateJSON){a.processData=false}if(a.type==="PATCH"&&k){a.xhr=function(){return new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP")}}var h=s.xhr=e.ajax(i.extend(a,s));r.trigger("request",r,h,s);return h};var k=typeof window!=="undefined"&&!!window.ActiveXObject&&!(window.XMLHttpRequest&&(new XMLHttpRequest).dispatchEvent);var T={create:"POST",update:"PUT",patch:"PATCH","delete":"DELETE",read:"GET"};e.ajax=function(){return e.$.ajax.apply(e.$,arguments)};var $=e.Router=function(t){t||(t={});if(t.routes)this.routes=t.routes;this._bindRoutes();this.initialize.apply(this,arguments)};var S=/\((.*?)\)/g;var H=/(\(\?)?:\w+/g;var A=/\*\w+/g;var I=/[\-{}\[\]+?.,\\\^$|#\s]/g;i.extend($.prototype,u,{initialize:function(){},route:function(t,r,s){if(!i.isRegExp(t))t=this._routeToRegExp(t);if(i.isFunction(r)){s=r;r=""}if(!s)s=this[r];var n=this;e.history.route(t,function(i){var a=n._extractParameters(t,i);n.execute(s,a);n.trigger.apply(n,["route:"+r].concat(a));n.trigger("route",r,a);e.history.trigger("route",n,r,a)});return this},execute:function(t,e){if(t)t.apply(this,e)},navigate:function(t,i){e.history.navigate(t,i);return this},_bindRoutes:function(){if(!this.routes)return;this.routes=i.result(this,"routes");var t,e=i.keys(this.routes);while((t=e.pop())!=null){this.route(t,this.routes[t])}},_routeToRegExp:function(t){t=t.replace(I,"\\$&").replace(S,"(?:$1)?").replace(H,function(t,e){return e?t:"([^/?]+)"}).replace(A,"([^?]*?)");return new RegExp("^"+t+"(?:\\?([\\s\\S]*))?$")},_extractParameters:function(t,e){var r=t.exec(e).slice(1);return i.map(r,function(t,e){if(e===r.length-1)return t||null;return t?decodeURIComponent(t):null})}});var N=e.History=function(){this.handlers=[];i.bindAll(this,"checkUrl");if(typeof window!=="undefined"){this.location=window.location;this.history=window.history}};var R=/^[#\/]|\s+$/g;var O=/^\/+|\/+$/g;var P=/msie [\w.]+/;var C=/\/$/;var j=/#.*$/;N.started=false;i.extend(N.prototype,u,{interval:50,atRoot:function(){return this.location.pathname.replace(/[^\/]$/,"$&/")===this.root},getHash:function(t){var e=(t||this).location.href.match(/#(.*)$/);return e?e[1]:""},getFragment:function(t,e){if(t==null){if(this._hasPushState||!this._wantsHashChange||e){t=decodeURI(this.location.pathname+this.location.search);var i=this.root.replace(C,"");if(!t.indexOf(i))t=t.slice(i.length)}else{t=this.getHash()}}return t.replace(R,"")},start:function(t){if(N.started)throw new Error("Backbone.history has already been started");N.started=true;this.options=i.extend({root:"/"},this.options,t);this.root=this.options.root;this._wantsHashChange=this.options.hashChange!==false;this._wantsPushState=!!this.options.pushState;this._hasPushState=!!(this.options.pushState&&this.history&&this.history.pushState);var r=this.getFragment();var s=document.documentMode;var n=P.exec(navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase())&&(!s||s<=7);this.root=("/"+this.root+"/").replace(O,"/");if(n&&this._wantsHashChange){var a=e.$('<iframe src="javascript:0" tabindex="-1">');this.iframe=a.hide().appendTo("body")[0].contentWindow;this.navigate(r)}if(this._hasPushState){e.$(window).on("popstate",this.checkUrl)}else if(this._wantsHashChange&&"onhashchange"in window&&!n){e.$(window).on("hashchange",this.checkUrl)}else if(this._wantsHashChange){this._checkUrlInterval=setInterval(this.checkUrl,this.interval)}this.fragment=r;var o=this.location;if(this._wantsHashChange&&this._wantsPushState){if(!this._hasPushState&&!this.atRoot()){this.fragment=this.getFragment(null,true);this.location.replace(this.root+"#"+this.fragment);return true}else if(this._hasPushState&&this.atRoot()&&o.hash){this.fragment=this.getHash().replace(R,"");this.history.replaceState({},document.title,this.root+this.fragment)}}if(!this.options.silent)return this.loadUrl()},stop:function(){e.$(window).off("popstate",this.checkUrl).off("hashchange",this.checkUrl);if(this._checkUrlInterval)clearInterval(this._checkUrlInterval);N.started=false},route:function(t,e){this.handlers.unshift({route:t,callback:e})},checkUrl:function(t){var e=this.getFragment();if(e===this.fragment&&this.iframe){e=this.getFragment(this.getHash(this.iframe))}if(e===this.fragment)return false;if(this.iframe)this.navigate(e);this.loadUrl()},loadUrl:function(t){t=this.fragment=this.getFragment(t);return i.any(this.handlers,function(e){if(e.route.test(t)){e.callback(t);return true}})},navigate:function(t,e){if(!N.started)return false;if(!e||e===true)e={trigger:!!e};var i=this.root+(t=this.getFragment(t||""));t=t.replace(j,"");if(this.fragment===t)return;this.fragment=t;if(t===""&&i!=="/")i=i.slice(0,-1);if(this._hasPushState){this.history[e.replace?"replaceState":"pushState"]({},document.title,i)}else if(this._wantsHashChange){this._updateHash(this.location,t,e.replace);if(this.iframe&&t!==this.getFragment(this.getHash(this.iframe))){if(!e.replace)this.iframe.document.open().close();this._updateHash(this.iframe.location,t,e.replace)}}else{return this.location.assign(i)}if(e.trigger)return this.loadUrl(t)},_updateHash:function(t,e,i){if(i){var r=t.href.replace(/(javascript:|#).*$/,"");t.replace(r+"#"+e)}else{t.hash="#"+e}}});e.history=new N;var U=function(t,e){var r=this;var s;if(t&&i.has(t,"constructor")){s=t.constructor}else{s=function(){return r.apply(this,arguments)}}i.extend(s,r,e);var n=function(){this.constructor=s};n.prototype=r.prototype;s.prototype=new n;if(t)i.extend(s.prototype,t);s.__super__=r.prototype;return s};p.extend=g.extend=$.extend=w.extend=N.extend=U;var M=function(){throw new Error('A "url" property or function must be specified')};var q=function(t,e){var i=e.error;e.error=function(r){if(i)i(t,r,e);t.trigger("error",t,r,e)}};return e});
+//# sourceMappingURL=backbone-min.map
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/dependencies/backbone.js b/dependencies/backbone.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..24a550a0adc9926dc0c3be79004b042de23cbeda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/dependencies/backbone.js
@@ -0,0 +1,1608 @@
+// Backbone.js 1.1.2
+
+// (c) 2010-2014 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud and Investigative Reporters & Editors
+// Backbone may be freely distributed under the MIT license.
+// For all details and documentation:
+// http://backbonejs.org
+
+(function(root, factory) {
+
+ // Set up Backbone appropriately for the environment. Start with AMD.
+ if (typeof define === 'function' && define.amd) {
+ define(['underscore', 'jquery', 'exports'], function(_, $, exports) {
+ // Export global even in AMD case in case this script is loaded with
+ // others that may still expect a global Backbone.
+ root.Backbone = factory(root, exports, _, $);
+ });
+
+ // Next for Node.js or CommonJS. jQuery may not be needed as a module.
+ } else if (typeof exports !== 'undefined') {
+ var _ = require('underscore');
+ factory(root, exports, _);
+
+ // Finally, as a browser global.
+ } else {
+ root.Backbone = factory(root, {}, root._, (root.jQuery || root.Zepto || root.ender || root.$));
+ }
+
+}(this, function(root, Backbone, _, $) {
+
+ // Initial Setup
+ // -------------
+
+ // Save the previous value of the `Backbone` variable, so that it can be
+ // restored later on, if `noConflict` is used.
+ var previousBackbone = root.Backbone;
+
+ // Create local references to array methods we'll want to use later.
+ var array = [];
+ var push = array.push;
+ var slice = array.slice;
+ var splice = array.splice;
+
+ // Current version of the library. Keep in sync with `package.json`.
+ Backbone.VERSION = '1.1.2';
+
+ // For Backbone's purposes, jQuery, Zepto, Ender, or My Library (kidding) owns
+ // the `$` variable.
+ Backbone.$ = $;
+
+ // Runs Backbone.js in *noConflict* mode, returning the `Backbone` variable
+ // to its previous owner. Returns a reference to this Backbone object.
+ Backbone.noConflict = function() {
+ root.Backbone = previousBackbone;
+ return this;
+ };
+
+ // Turn on `emulateHTTP` to support legacy HTTP servers. Setting this option
+ // will fake `"PATCH"`, `"PUT"` and `"DELETE"` requests via the `_method` parameter and
+ // set a `X-Http-Method-Override` header.
+ Backbone.emulateHTTP = false;
+
+ // Turn on `emulateJSON` to support legacy servers that can't deal with direct
+ // `application/json` requests ... will encode the body as
+ // `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` instead and will send the model in a
+ // form param named `model`.
+ Backbone.emulateJSON = false;
+
+ // Backbone.Events
+ // ---------------
+
+ // A module that can be mixed in to *any object* in order to provide it with
+ // custom events. You may bind with `on` or remove with `off` callback
+ // functions to an event; `trigger`-ing an event fires all callbacks in
+ // succession.
+ //
+ // var object = {};
+ // _.extend(object, Backbone.Events);
+ // object.on('expand', function(){ alert('expanded'); });
+ // object.trigger('expand');
+ //
+ var Events = Backbone.Events = {
+
+ // Bind an event to a `callback` function. Passing `"all"` will bind
+ // the callback to all events fired.
+ on: function(name, callback, context) {
+ if (!eventsApi(this, 'on', name, [callback, context]) || !callback) return this;
+ this._events || (this._events = {});
+ var events = this._events[name] || (this._events[name] = []);
+ events.push({callback: callback, context: context, ctx: context || this});
+ return this;
+ },
+
+ // Bind an event to only be triggered a single time. After the first time
+ // the callback is invoked, it will be removed.
+ once: function(name, callback, context) {
+ if (!eventsApi(this, 'once', name, [callback, context]) || !callback) return this;
+ var self = this;
+ var once = _.once(function() {
+ self.off(name, once);
+ callback.apply(this, arguments);
+ });
+ once._callback = callback;
+ return this.on(name, once, context);
+ },
+
+ // Remove one or many callbacks. If `context` is null, removes all
+ // callbacks with that function. If `callback` is null, removes all
+ // callbacks for the event. If `name` is null, removes all bound
+ // callbacks for all events.
+ off: function(name, callback, context) {
+ var retain, ev, events, names, i, l, j, k;
+ if (!this._events || !eventsApi(this, 'off', name, [callback, context])) return this;
+ if (!name && !callback && !context) {
+ this._events = void 0;
+ return this;
+ }
+ names = name ? [name] : _.keys(this._events);
+ for (i = 0, l = names.length; i < l; i++) {
+ name = names[i];
+ if (events = this._events[name]) {
+ this._events[name] = retain = [];
+ if (callback || context) {
+ for (j = 0, k = events.length; j < k; j++) {
+ ev = events[j];
+ if ((callback && callback !== ev.callback && callback !== ev.callback._callback) ||
+ (context && context !== ev.context)) {
+ retain.push(ev);
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ if (!retain.length) delete this._events[name];
+ }
+ }
+
+ return this;
+ },
+
+ // Trigger one or many events, firing all bound callbacks. Callbacks are
+ // passed the same arguments as `trigger` is, apart from the event name
+ // (unless you're listening on `"all"`, which will cause your callback to
+ // receive the true name of the event as the first argument).
+ trigger: function(name) {
+ if (!this._events) return this;
+ var args = slice.call(arguments, 1);
+ if (!eventsApi(this, 'trigger', name, args)) return this;
+ var events = this._events[name];
+ var allEvents = this._events.all;
+ if (events) triggerEvents(events, args);
+ if (allEvents) triggerEvents(allEvents, arguments);
+ return this;
+ },
+
+ // Tell this object to stop listening to either specific events ... or
+ // to every object it's currently listening to.
+ stopListening: function(obj, name, callback) {
+ var listeningTo = this._listeningTo;
+ if (!listeningTo) return this;
+ var remove = !name && !callback;
+ if (!callback && typeof name === 'object') callback = this;
+ if (obj) (listeningTo = {})[obj._listenId] = obj;
+ for (var id in listeningTo) {
+ obj = listeningTo[id];
+ obj.off(name, callback, this);
+ if (remove || _.isEmpty(obj._events)) delete this._listeningTo[id];
+ }
+ return this;
+ }
+
+ };
+
+ // Regular expression used to split event strings.
+ var eventSplitter = /\s+/;
+
+ // Implement fancy features of the Events API such as multiple event
+ // names `"change blur"` and jQuery-style event maps `{change: action}`
+ // in terms of the existing API.
+ var eventsApi = function(obj, action, name, rest) {
+ if (!name) return true;
+
+ // Handle event maps.
+ if (typeof name === 'object') {
+ for (var key in name) {
+ obj[action].apply(obj, [key, name[key]].concat(rest));
+ }
+ return false;
+ }
+
+ // Handle space separated event names.
+ if (eventSplitter.test(name)) {
+ var names = name.split(eventSplitter);
+ for (var i = 0, l = names.length; i < l; i++) {
+ obj[action].apply(obj, [names[i]].concat(rest));
+ }
+ return false;
+ }
+
+ return true;
+ };
+
+ // A difficult-to-believe, but optimized internal dispatch function for
+ // triggering events. Tries to keep the usual cases speedy (most internal
+ // Backbone events have 3 arguments).
+ var triggerEvents = function(events, args) {
+ var ev, i = -1, l = events.length, a1 = args[0], a2 = args[1], a3 = args[2];
+ switch (args.length) {
+ case 0: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx); return;
+ case 1: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx, a1); return;
+ case 2: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx, a1, a2); return;
+ case 3: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx, a1, a2, a3); return;
+ default: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.apply(ev.ctx, args); return;
+ }
+ };
+
+ var listenMethods = {listenTo: 'on', listenToOnce: 'once'};
+
+ // Inversion-of-control versions of `on` and `once`. Tell *this* object to
+ // listen to an event in another object ... keeping track of what it's
+ // listening to.
+ _.each(listenMethods, function(implementation, method) {
+ Events[method] = function(obj, name, callback) {
+ var listeningTo = this._listeningTo || (this._listeningTo = {});
+ var id = obj._listenId || (obj._listenId = _.uniqueId('l'));
+ listeningTo[id] = obj;
+ if (!callback && typeof name === 'object') callback = this;
+ obj[implementation](name, callback, this);
+ return this;
+ };
+ });
+
+ // Aliases for backwards compatibility.
+ Events.bind = Events.on;
+ Events.unbind = Events.off;
+
+ // Allow the `Backbone` object to serve as a global event bus, for folks who
+ // want global "pubsub" in a convenient place.
+ _.extend(Backbone, Events);
+
+ // Backbone.Model
+ // --------------
+
+ // Backbone **Models** are the basic data object in the framework --
+ // frequently representing a row in a table in a database on your server.
+ // A discrete chunk of data and a bunch of useful, related methods for
+ // performing computations and transformations on that data.
+
+ // Create a new model with the specified attributes. A client id (`cid`)
+ // is automatically generated and assigned for you.
+ var Model = Backbone.Model = function(attributes, options) {
+ var attrs = attributes || {};
+ options || (options = {});
+ this.cid = _.uniqueId('c');
+ this.attributes = {};
+ if (options.collection) this.collection = options.collection;
+ if (options.parse) attrs = this.parse(attrs, options) || {};
+ attrs = _.defaults({}, attrs, _.result(this, 'defaults'));
+ this.set(attrs, options);
+ this.changed = {};
+ this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
+ };
+
+ // Attach all inheritable methods to the Model prototype.
+ _.extend(Model.prototype, Events, {
+
+ // A hash of attributes whose current and previous value differ.
+ changed: null,
+
+ // The value returned during the last failed validation.
+ validationError: null,
+
+ // The default name for the JSON `id` attribute is `"id"`. MongoDB and
+ // CouchDB users may want to set this to `"_id"`.
+ idAttribute: 'id',
+
+ // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
+ // initialization logic.
+ initialize: function(){},
+
+ // Return a copy of the model's `attributes` object.
+ toJSON: function(options) {
+ return _.clone(this.attributes);
+ },
+
+ // Proxy `Backbone.sync` by default -- but override this if you need
+ // custom syncing semantics for *this* particular model.
+ sync: function() {
+ return Backbone.sync.apply(this, arguments);
+ },
+
+ // Get the value of an attribute.
+ get: function(attr) {
+ return this.attributes[attr];
+ },
+
+ // Get the HTML-escaped value of an attribute.
+ escape: function(attr) {
+ return _.escape(this.get(attr));
+ },
+
+ // Returns `true` if the attribute contains a value that is not null
+ // or undefined.
+ has: function(attr) {
+ return this.get(attr) != null;
+ },
+
+ // Set a hash of model attributes on the object, firing `"change"`. This is
+ // the core primitive operation of a model, updating the data and notifying
+ // anyone who needs to know about the change in state. The heart of the beast.
+ set: function(key, val, options) {
+ var attr, attrs, unset, changes, silent, changing, prev, current;
+ if (key == null) return this;
+
+ // Handle both `"key", value` and `{key: value}` -style arguments.
+ if (typeof key === 'object') {
+ attrs = key;
+ options = val;
+ } else {
+ (attrs = {})[key] = val;
+ }
+
+ options || (options = {});
+
+ // Run validation.
+ if (!this._validate(attrs, options)) return false;
+
+ // Extract attributes and options.
+ unset = options.unset;
+ silent = options.silent;
+ changes = [];
+ changing = this._changing;
+ this._changing = true;
+
+ if (!changing) {
+ this._previousAttributes = _.clone(this.attributes);
+ this.changed = {};
+ }
+ current = this.attributes, prev = this._previousAttributes;
+
+ // Check for changes of `id`.
+ if (this.idAttribute in attrs) this.id = attrs[this.idAttribute];
+
+ // For each `set` attribute, update or delete the current value.
+ for (attr in attrs) {
+ val = attrs[attr];
+ if (!_.isEqual(current[attr], val)) changes.push(attr);
+ if (!_.isEqual(prev[attr], val)) {
+ this.changed[attr] = val;
+ } else {
+ delete this.changed[attr];
+ }
+ unset ? delete current[attr] : current[attr] = val;
+ }
+
+ // Trigger all relevant attribute changes.
+ if (!silent) {
+ if (changes.length) this._pending = options;
+ for (var i = 0, l = changes.length; i < l; i++) {
+ this.trigger('change:' + changes[i], this, current[changes[i]], options);
+ }
+ }
+
+ // You might be wondering why there's a `while` loop here. Changes can
+ // be recursively nested within `"change"` events.
+ if (changing) return this;
+ if (!silent) {
+ while (this._pending) {
+ options = this._pending;
+ this._pending = false;
+ this.trigger('change', this, options);
+ }
+ }
+ this._pending = false;
+ this._changing = false;
+ return this;
+ },
+
+ // Remove an attribute from the model, firing `"change"`. `unset` is a noop
+ // if the attribute doesn't exist.
+ unset: function(attr, options) {
+ return this.set(attr, void 0, _.extend({}, options, {unset: true}));
+ },
+
+ // Clear all attributes on the model, firing `"change"`.
+ clear: function(options) {
+ var attrs = {};
+ for (var key in this.attributes) attrs[key] = void 0;
+ return this.set(attrs, _.extend({}, options, {unset: true}));
+ },
+
+ // Determine if the model has changed since the last `"change"` event.
+ // If you specify an attribute name, determine if that attribute has changed.
+ hasChanged: function(attr) {
+ if (attr == null) return !_.isEmpty(this.changed);
+ return _.has(this.changed, attr);
+ },
+
+ // Return an object containing all the attributes that have changed, or
+ // false if there are no changed attributes. Useful for determining what
+ // parts of a view need to be updated and/or what attributes need to be
+ // persisted to the server. Unset attributes will be set to undefined.
+ // You can also pass an attributes object to diff against the model,
+ // determining if there *would be* a change.
+ changedAttributes: function(diff) {
+ if (!diff) return this.hasChanged() ? _.clone(this.changed) : false;
+ var val, changed = false;
+ var old = this._changing ? this._previousAttributes : this.attributes;
+ for (var attr in diff) {
+ if (_.isEqual(old[attr], (val = diff[attr]))) continue;
+ (changed || (changed = {}))[attr] = val;
+ }
+ return changed;
+ },
+
+ // Get the previous value of an attribute, recorded at the time the last
+ // `"change"` event was fired.
+ previous: function(attr) {
+ if (attr == null || !this._previousAttributes) return null;
+ return this._previousAttributes[attr];
+ },
+
+ // Get all of the attributes of the model at the time of the previous
+ // `"change"` event.
+ previousAttributes: function() {
+ return _.clone(this._previousAttributes);
+ },
+
+ // Fetch the model from the server. If the server's representation of the
+ // model differs from its current attributes, they will be overridden,
+ // triggering a `"change"` event.
+ fetch: function(options) {
+ options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
+ if (options.parse === void 0) options.parse = true;
+ var model = this;
+ var success = options.success;
+ options.success = function(resp) {
+ if (!model.set(model.parse(resp, options), options)) return false;
+ if (success) success(model, resp, options);
+ model.trigger('sync', model, resp, options);
+ };
+ wrapError(this, options);
+ return this.sync('read', this, options);
+ },
+
+ // Set a hash of model attributes, and sync the model to the server.
+ // If the server returns an attributes hash that differs, the model's
+ // state will be `set` again.
+ save: function(key, val, options) {
+ var attrs, method, xhr, attributes = this.attributes;
+
+ // Handle both `"key", value` and `{key: value}` -style arguments.
+ if (key == null || typeof key === 'object') {
+ attrs = key;
+ options = val;
+ } else {
+ (attrs = {})[key] = val;
+ }
+
+ options = _.extend({validate: true}, options);
+
+ // If we're not waiting and attributes exist, save acts as
+ // `set(attr).save(null, opts)` with validation. Otherwise, check if
+ // the model will be valid when the attributes, if any, are set.
+ if (attrs && !options.wait) {
+ if (!this.set(attrs, options)) return false;
+ } else {
+ if (!this._validate(attrs, options)) return false;
+ }
+
+ // Set temporary attributes if `{wait: true}`.
+ if (attrs && options.wait) {
+ this.attributes = _.extend({}, attributes, attrs);
+ }
+
+ // After a successful server-side save, the client is (optionally)
+ // updated with the server-side state.
+ if (options.parse === void 0) options.parse = true;
+ var model = this;
+ var success = options.success;
+ options.success = function(resp) {
+ // Ensure attributes are restored during synchronous saves.
+ model.attributes = attributes;
+ var serverAttrs = model.parse(resp, options);
+ if (options.wait) serverAttrs = _.extend(attrs || {}, serverAttrs);
+ if (_.isObject(serverAttrs) && !model.set(serverAttrs, options)) {
+ return false;
+ }
+ if (success) success(model, resp, options);
+ model.trigger('sync', model, resp, options);
+ };
+ wrapError(this, options);
+
+ method = this.isNew() ? 'create' : (options.patch ? 'patch' : 'update');
+ if (method === 'patch') options.attrs = attrs;
+ xhr = this.sync(method, this, options);
+
+ // Restore attributes.
+ if (attrs && options.wait) this.attributes = attributes;
+
+ return xhr;
+ },
+
+ // Destroy this model on the server if it was already persisted.
+ // Optimistically removes the model from its collection, if it has one.
+ // If `wait: true` is passed, waits for the server to respond before removal.
+ destroy: function(options) {
+ options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
+ var model = this;
+ var success = options.success;
+
+ var destroy = function() {
+ model.trigger('destroy', model, model.collection, options);
+ };
+
+ options.success = function(resp) {
+ if (options.wait || model.isNew()) destroy();
+ if (success) success(model, resp, options);
+ if (!model.isNew()) model.trigger('sync', model, resp, options);
+ };
+
+ if (this.isNew()) {
+ options.success();
+ return false;
+ }
+ wrapError(this, options);
+
+ var xhr = this.sync('delete', this, options);
+ if (!options.wait) destroy();
+ return xhr;
+ },
+
+ // Default URL for the model's representation on the server -- if you're
+ // using Backbone's restful methods, override this to change the endpoint
+ // that will be called.
+ url: function() {
+ var base =
+ _.result(this, 'urlRoot') ||
+ _.result(this.collection, 'url') ||
+ urlError();
+ if (this.isNew()) return base;
+ return base.replace(/([^\/])$/, '$1/') + encodeURIComponent(this.id);
+ },
+
+ // **parse** converts a response into the hash of attributes to be `set` on
+ // the model. The default implementation is just to pass the response along.
+ parse: function(resp, options) {
+ return resp;
+ },
+
+ // Create a new model with identical attributes to this one.
+ clone: function() {
+ return new this.constructor(this.attributes);
+ },
+
+ // A model is new if it has never been saved to the server, and lacks an id.
+ isNew: function() {
+ return !this.has(this.idAttribute);
+ },
+
+ // Check if the model is currently in a valid state.
+ isValid: function(options) {
+ return this._validate({}, _.extend(options || {}, { validate: true }));
+ },
+
+ // Run validation against the next complete set of model attributes,
+ // returning `true` if all is well. Otherwise, fire an `"invalid"` event.
+ _validate: function(attrs, options) {
+ if (!options.validate || !this.validate) return true;
+ attrs = _.extend({}, this.attributes, attrs);
+ var error = this.validationError = this.validate(attrs, options) || null;
+ if (!error) return true;
+ this.trigger('invalid', this, error, _.extend(options, {validationError: error}));
+ return false;
+ }
+
+ });
+
+ // Underscore methods that we want to implement on the Model.
+ var modelMethods = ['keys', 'values', 'pairs', 'invert', 'pick', 'omit'];
+
+ // Mix in each Underscore method as a proxy to `Model#attributes`.
+ _.each(modelMethods, function(method) {
+ Model.prototype[method] = function() {
+ var args = slice.call(arguments);
+ args.unshift(this.attributes);
+ return _[method].apply(_, args);
+ };
+ });
+
+ // Backbone.Collection
+ // -------------------
+
+ // If models tend to represent a single row of data, a Backbone Collection is
+ // more analagous to a table full of data ... or a small slice or page of that
+ // table, or a collection of rows that belong together for a particular reason
+ // -- all of the messages in this particular folder, all of the documents
+ // belonging to this particular author, and so on. Collections maintain
+ // indexes of their models, both in order, and for lookup by `id`.
+
+ // Create a new **Collection**, perhaps to contain a specific type of `model`.
+ // If a `comparator` is specified, the Collection will maintain
+ // its models in sort order, as they're added and removed.
+ var Collection = Backbone.Collection = function(models, options) {
+ options || (options = {});
+ if (options.model) this.model = options.model;
+ if (options.comparator !== void 0) this.comparator = options.comparator;
+ this._reset();
+ this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
+ if (models) this.reset(models, _.extend({silent: true}, options));
+ };
+
+ // Default options for `Collection#set`.
+ var setOptions = {add: true, remove: true, merge: true};
+ var addOptions = {add: true, remove: false};
+
+ // Define the Collection's inheritable methods.
+ _.extend(Collection.prototype, Events, {
+
+ // The default model for a collection is just a **Backbone.Model**.
+ // This should be overridden in most cases.
+ model: Model,
+
+ // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
+ // initialization logic.
+ initialize: function(){},
+
+ // The JSON representation of a Collection is an array of the
+ // models' attributes.
+ toJSON: function(options) {
+ return this.map(function(model){ return model.toJSON(options); });
+ },
+
+ // Proxy `Backbone.sync` by default.
+ sync: function() {
+ return Backbone.sync.apply(this, arguments);
+ },
+
+ // Add a model, or list of models to the set.
+ add: function(models, options) {
+ return this.set(models, _.extend({merge: false}, options, addOptions));
+ },
+
+ // Remove a model, or a list of models from the set.
+ remove: function(models, options) {
+ var singular = !_.isArray(models);
+ models = singular ? [models] : _.clone(models);
+ options || (options = {});
+ var i, l, index, model;
+ for (i = 0, l = models.length; i < l; i++) {
+ model = models[i] = this.get(models[i]);
+ if (!model) continue;
+ delete this._byId[model.id];
+ delete this._byId[model.cid];
+ index = this.indexOf(model);
+ this.models.splice(index, 1);
+ this.length--;
+ if (!options.silent) {
+ options.index = index;
+ model.trigger('remove', model, this, options);
+ }
+ this._removeReference(model, options);
+ }
+ return singular ? models[0] : models;
+ },
+
+ // Update a collection by `set`-ing a new list of models, adding new ones,
+ // removing models that are no longer present, and merging models that
+ // already exist in the collection, as necessary. Similar to **Model#set**,
+ // the core operation for updating the data contained by the collection.
+ set: function(models, options) {
+ options = _.defaults({}, options, setOptions);
+ if (options.parse) models = this.parse(models, options);
+ var singular = !_.isArray(models);
+ models = singular ? (models ? [models] : []) : _.clone(models);
+ var i, l, id, model, attrs, existing, sort;
+ var at = options.at;
+ var targetModel = this.model;
+ var sortable = this.comparator && (at == null) && options.sort !== false;
+ var sortAttr = _.isString(this.comparator) ? this.comparator : null;
+ var toAdd = [], toRemove = [], modelMap = {};
+ var add = options.add, merge = options.merge, remove = options.remove;
+ var order = !sortable && add && remove ? [] : false;
+
+ // Turn bare objects into model references, and prevent invalid models
+ // from being added.
+ for (i = 0, l = models.length; i < l; i++) {
+ attrs = models[i] || {};
+ if (attrs instanceof Model) {
+ id = model = attrs;
+ } else {
+ id = attrs[targetModel.prototype.idAttribute || 'id'];
+ }
+
+ // If a duplicate is found, prevent it from being added and
+ // optionally merge it into the existing model.
+ if (existing = this.get(id)) {
+ if (remove) modelMap[existing.cid] = true;
+ if (merge) {
+ attrs = attrs === model ? model.attributes : attrs;
+ if (options.parse) attrs = existing.parse(attrs, options);
+ existing.set(attrs, options);
+ if (sortable && !sort && existing.hasChanged(sortAttr)) sort = true;
+ }
+ models[i] = existing;
+
+ // If this is a new, valid model, push it to the `toAdd` list.
+ } else if (add) {
+ model = models[i] = this._prepareModel(attrs, options);
+ if (!model) continue;
+ toAdd.push(model);
+ this._addReference(model, options);
+ }
+
+ // Do not add multiple models with the same `id`.
+ model = existing || model;
+ if (order && (model.isNew() || !modelMap[model.id])) order.push(model);
+ modelMap[model.id] = true;
+ }
+
+ // Remove nonexistent models if appropriate.
+ if (remove) {
+ for (i = 0, l = this.length; i < l; ++i) {
+ if (!modelMap[(model = this.models[i]).cid]) toRemove.push(model);
+ }
+ if (toRemove.length) this.remove(toRemove, options);
+ }
+
+ // See if sorting is needed, update `length` and splice in new models.
+ if (toAdd.length || (order && order.length)) {
+ if (sortable) sort = true;
+ this.length += toAdd.length;
+ if (at != null) {
+ for (i = 0, l = toAdd.length; i < l; i++) {
+ this.models.splice(at + i, 0, toAdd[i]);
+ }
+ } else {
+ if (order) this.models.length = 0;
+ var orderedModels = order || toAdd;
+ for (i = 0, l = orderedModels.length; i < l; i++) {
+ this.models.push(orderedModels[i]);
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Silently sort the collection if appropriate.
+ if (sort) this.sort({silent: true});
+
+ // Unless silenced, it's time to fire all appropriate add/sort events.
+ if (!options.silent) {
+ for (i = 0, l = toAdd.length; i < l; i++) {
+ (model = toAdd[i]).trigger('add', model, this, options);
+ }
+ if (sort || (order && order.length)) this.trigger('sort', this, options);
+ }
+
+ // Return the added (or merged) model (or models).
+ return singular ? models[0] : models;
+ },
+
+ // When you have more items than you want to add or remove individually,
+ // you can reset the entire set with a new list of models, without firing
+ // any granular `add` or `remove` events. Fires `reset` when finished.
+ // Useful for bulk operations and optimizations.
+ reset: function(models, options) {
+ options || (options = {});
+ for (var i = 0, l = this.models.length; i < l; i++) {
+ this._removeReference(this.models[i], options);
+ }
+ options.previousModels = this.models;
+ this._reset();
+ models = this.add(models, _.extend({silent: true}, options));
+ if (!options.silent) this.trigger('reset', this, options);
+ return models;
+ },
+
+ // Add a model to the end of the collection.
+ push: function(model, options) {
+ return this.add(model, _.extend({at: this.length}, options));
+ },
+
+ // Remove a model from the end of the collection.
+ pop: function(options) {
+ var model = this.at(this.length - 1);
+ this.remove(model, options);
+ return model;
+ },
+
+ // Add a model to the beginning of the collection.
+ unshift: function(model, options) {
+ return this.add(model, _.extend({at: 0}, options));
+ },
+
+ // Remove a model from the beginning of the collection.
+ shift: function(options) {
+ var model = this.at(0);
+ this.remove(model, options);
+ return model;
+ },
+
+ // Slice out a sub-array of models from the collection.
+ slice: function() {
+ return slice.apply(this.models, arguments);
+ },
+
+ // Get a model from the set by id.
+ get: function(obj) {
+ if (obj == null) return void 0;
+ return this._byId[obj] || this._byId[obj.id] || this._byId[obj.cid];
+ },
+
+ // Get the model at the given index.
+ at: function(index) {
+ return this.models[index];
+ },
+
+ // Return models with matching attributes. Useful for simple cases of
+ // `filter`.
+ where: function(attrs, first) {
+ if (_.isEmpty(attrs)) return first ? void 0 : [];
+ return this[first ? 'find' : 'filter'](function(model) {
+ for (var key in attrs) {
+ if (attrs[key] !== model.get(key)) return false;
+ }
+ return true;
+ });
+ },
+
+ // Return the first model with matching attributes. Useful for simple cases
+ // of `find`.
+ findWhere: function(attrs) {
+ return this.where(attrs, true);
+ },
+
+ // Force the collection to re-sort itself. You don't need to call this under
+ // normal circumstances, as the set will maintain sort order as each item
+ // is added.
+ sort: function(options) {
+ if (!this.comparator) throw new Error('Cannot sort a set without a comparator');
+ options || (options = {});
+
+ // Run sort based on type of `comparator`.
+ if (_.isString(this.comparator) || this.comparator.length === 1) {
+ this.models = this.sortBy(this.comparator, this);
+ } else {
+ this.models.sort(_.bind(this.comparator, this));
+ }
+
+ if (!options.silent) this.trigger('sort', this, options);
+ return this;
+ },
+
+ // Pluck an attribute from each model in the collection.
+ pluck: function(attr) {
+ return _.invoke(this.models, 'get', attr);
+ },
+
+ // Fetch the default set of models for this collection, resetting the
+ // collection when they arrive. If `reset: true` is passed, the response
+ // data will be passed through the `reset` method instead of `set`.
+ fetch: function(options) {
+ options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
+ if (options.parse === void 0) options.parse = true;
+ var success = options.success;
+ var collection = this;
+ options.success = function(resp) {
+ var method = options.reset ? 'reset' : 'set';
+ collection[method](resp, options);
+ if (success) success(collection, resp, options);
+ collection.trigger('sync', collection, resp, options);
+ };
+ wrapError(this, options);
+ return this.sync('read', this, options);
+ },
+
+ // Create a new instance of a model in this collection. Add the model to the
+ // collection immediately, unless `wait: true` is passed, in which case we
+ // wait for the server to agree.
+ create: function(model, options) {
+ options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
+ if (!(model = this._prepareModel(model, options))) return false;
+ if (!options.wait) this.add(model, options);
+ var collection = this;
+ var success = options.success;
+ options.success = function(model, resp) {
+ if (options.wait) collection.add(model, options);
+ if (success) success(model, resp, options);
+ };
+ model.save(null, options);
+ return model;
+ },
+
+ // **parse** converts a response into a list of models to be added to the
+ // collection. The default implementation is just to pass it through.
+ parse: function(resp, options) {
+ return resp;
+ },
+
+ // Create a new collection with an identical list of models as this one.
+ clone: function() {
+ return new this.constructor(this.models);
+ },
+
+ // Private method to reset all internal state. Called when the collection
+ // is first initialized or reset.
+ _reset: function() {
+ this.length = 0;
+ this.models = [];
+ this._byId = {};
+ },
+
+ // Prepare a hash of attributes (or other model) to be added to this
+ // collection.
+ _prepareModel: function(attrs, options) {
+ if (attrs instanceof Model) return attrs;
+ options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
+ options.collection = this;
+ var model = new this.model(attrs, options);
+ if (!model.validationError) return model;
+ this.trigger('invalid', this, model.validationError, options);
+ return false;
+ },
+
+ // Internal method to create a model's ties to a collection.
+ _addReference: function(model, options) {
+ this._byId[model.cid] = model;
+ if (model.id != null) this._byId[model.id] = model;
+ if (!model.collection) model.collection = this;
+ model.on('all', this._onModelEvent, this);
+ },
+
+ // Internal method to sever a model's ties to a collection.
+ _removeReference: function(model, options) {
+ if (this === model.collection) delete model.collection;
+ model.off('all', this._onModelEvent, this);
+ },
+
+ // Internal method called every time a model in the set fires an event.
+ // Sets need to update their indexes when models change ids. All other
+ // events simply proxy through. "add" and "remove" events that originate
+ // in other collections are ignored.
+ _onModelEvent: function(event, model, collection, options) {
+ if ((event === 'add' || event === 'remove') && collection !== this) return;
+ if (event === 'destroy') this.remove(model, options);
+ if (model && event === 'change:' + model.idAttribute) {
+ delete this._byId[model.previous(model.idAttribute)];
+ if (model.id != null) this._byId[model.id] = model;
+ }
+ this.trigger.apply(this, arguments);
+ }
+
+ });
+
+ // Underscore methods that we want to implement on the Collection.
+ // 90% of the core usefulness of Backbone Collections is actually implemented
+ // right here:
+ var methods = ['forEach', 'each', 'map', 'collect', 'reduce', 'foldl',
+ 'inject', 'reduceRight', 'foldr', 'find', 'detect', 'filter', 'select',
+ 'reject', 'every', 'all', 'some', 'any', 'include', 'contains', 'invoke',
+ 'max', 'min', 'toArray', 'size', 'first', 'head', 'take', 'initial', 'rest',
+ 'tail', 'drop', 'last', 'without', 'difference', 'indexOf', 'shuffle',
+ 'lastIndexOf', 'isEmpty', 'chain', 'sample'];
+
+ // Mix in each Underscore method as a proxy to `Collection#models`.
+ _.each(methods, function(method) {
+ Collection.prototype[method] = function() {
+ var args = slice.call(arguments);
+ args.unshift(this.models);
+ return _[method].apply(_, args);
+ };
+ });
+
+ // Underscore methods that take a property name as an argument.
+ var attributeMethods = ['groupBy', 'countBy', 'sortBy', 'indexBy'];
+
+ // Use attributes instead of properties.
+ _.each(attributeMethods, function(method) {
+ Collection.prototype[method] = function(value, context) {
+ var iterator = _.isFunction(value) ? value : function(model) {
+ return model.get(value);
+ };
+ return _[method](this.models, iterator, context);
+ };
+ });
+
+ // Backbone.View
+ // -------------
+
+ // Backbone Views are almost more convention than they are actual code. A View
+ // is simply a JavaScript object that represents a logical chunk of UI in the
+ // DOM. This might be a single item, an entire list, a sidebar or panel, or
+ // even the surrounding frame which wraps your whole app. Defining a chunk of
+ // UI as a **View** allows you to define your DOM events declaratively, without
+ // having to worry about render order ... and makes it easy for the view to
+ // react to specific changes in the state of your models.
+
+ // Creating a Backbone.View creates its initial element outside of the DOM,
+ // if an existing element is not provided...
+ var View = Backbone.View = function(options) {
+ this.cid = _.uniqueId('view');
+ options || (options = {});
+ _.extend(this, _.pick(options, viewOptions));
+ this._ensureElement();
+ this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
+ this.delegateEvents();
+ };
+
+ // Cached regex to split keys for `delegate`.
+ var delegateEventSplitter = /^(\S+)\s*(.*)$/;
+
+ // List of view options to be merged as properties.
+ var viewOptions = ['model', 'collection', 'el', 'id', 'attributes', 'className', 'tagName', 'events'];
+
+ // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.View** properties and methods.
+ _.extend(View.prototype, Events, {
+
+ // The default `tagName` of a View's element is `"div"`.
+ tagName: 'div',
+
+ // jQuery delegate for element lookup, scoped to DOM elements within the
+ // current view. This should be preferred to global lookups where possible.
+ $: function(selector) {
+ return this.$el.find(selector);
+ },
+
+ // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
+ // initialization logic.
+ initialize: function(){},
+
+ // **render** is the core function that your view should override, in order
+ // to populate its element (`this.el`), with the appropriate HTML. The
+ // convention is for **render** to always return `this`.
+ render: function() {
+ return this;
+ },
+
+ // Remove this view by taking the element out of the DOM, and removing any
+ // applicable Backbone.Events listeners.
+ remove: function() {
+ this.$el.remove();
+ this.stopListening();
+ return this;
+ },
+
+ // Change the view's element (`this.el` property), including event
+ // re-delegation.
+ setElement: function(element, delegate) {
+ if (this.$el) this.undelegateEvents();
+ this.$el = element instanceof Backbone.$ ? element : Backbone.$(element);
+ this.el = this.$el[0];
+ if (delegate !== false) this.delegateEvents();
+ return this;
+ },
+
+ // Set callbacks, where `this.events` is a hash of
+ //
+ // *{"event selector": "callback"}*
+ //
+ // {
+ // 'mousedown .title': 'edit',
+ // 'click .button': 'save',
+ // 'click .open': function(e) { ... }
+ // }
+ //
+ // pairs. Callbacks will be bound to the view, with `this` set properly.
+ // Uses event delegation for efficiency.
+ // Omitting the selector binds the event to `this.el`.
+ // This only works for delegate-able events: not `focus`, `blur`, and
+ // not `change`, `submit`, and `reset` in Internet Explorer.
+ delegateEvents: function(events) {
+ if (!(events || (events = _.result(this, 'events')))) return this;
+ this.undelegateEvents();
+ for (var key in events) {
+ var method = events[key];
+ if (!_.isFunction(method)) method = this[events[key]];
+ if (!method) continue;
+
+ var match = key.match(delegateEventSplitter);
+ var eventName = match[1], selector = match[2];
+ method = _.bind(method, this);
+ eventName += '.delegateEvents' + this.cid;
+ if (selector === '') {
+ this.$el.on(eventName, method);
+ } else {
+ this.$el.on(eventName, selector, method);
+ }
+ }
+ return this;
+ },
+
+ // Clears all callbacks previously bound to the view with `delegateEvents`.
+ // You usually don't need to use this, but may wish to if you have multiple
+ // Backbone views attached to the same DOM element.
+ undelegateEvents: function() {
+ this.$el.off('.delegateEvents' + this.cid);
+ return this;
+ },
+
+ // Ensure that the View has a DOM element to render into.
+ // If `this.el` is a string, pass it through `$()`, take the first
+ // matching element, and re-assign it to `el`. Otherwise, create
+ // an element from the `id`, `className` and `tagName` properties.
+ _ensureElement: function() {
+ if (!this.el) {
+ var attrs = _.extend({}, _.result(this, 'attributes'));
+ if (this.id) attrs.id = _.result(this, 'id');
+ if (this.className) attrs['class'] = _.result(this, 'className');
+ var $el = Backbone.$('<' + _.result(this, 'tagName') + '>').attr(attrs);
+ this.setElement($el, false);
+ } else {
+ this.setElement(_.result(this, 'el'), false);
+ }
+ }
+
+ });
+
+ // Backbone.sync
+ // -------------
+
+ // Override this function to change the manner in which Backbone persists
+ // models to the server. You will be passed the type of request, and the
+ // model in question. By default, makes a RESTful Ajax request
+ // to the model's `url()`. Some possible customizations could be:
+ //
+ // * Use `setTimeout` to batch rapid-fire updates into a single request.
+ // * Send up the models as XML instead of JSON.
+ // * Persist models via WebSockets instead of Ajax.
+ //
+ // Turn on `Backbone.emulateHTTP` in order to send `PUT` and `DELETE` requests
+ // as `POST`, with a `_method` parameter containing the true HTTP method,
+ // as well as all requests with the body as `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`
+ // instead of `application/json` with the model in a param named `model`.
+ // Useful when interfacing with server-side languages like **PHP** that make
+ // it difficult to read the body of `PUT` requests.
+ Backbone.sync = function(method, model, options) {
+ var type = methodMap[method];
+
+ // Default options, unless specified.
+ _.defaults(options || (options = {}), {
+ emulateHTTP: Backbone.emulateHTTP,
+ emulateJSON: Backbone.emulateJSON
+ });
+
+ // Default JSON-request options.
+ var params = {type: type, dataType: 'json'};
+
+ // Ensure that we have a URL.
+ if (!options.url) {
+ params.url = _.result(model, 'url') || urlError();
+ }
+
+ // Ensure that we have the appropriate request data.
+ if (options.data == null && model && (method === 'create' || method === 'update' || method === 'patch')) {
+ params.contentType = 'application/json';
+ params.data = JSON.stringify(options.attrs || model.toJSON(options));
+ }
+
+ // For older servers, emulate JSON by encoding the request into an HTML-form.
+ if (options.emulateJSON) {
+ params.contentType = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded';
+ params.data = params.data ? {model: params.data} : {};
+ }
+
+ // For older servers, emulate HTTP by mimicking the HTTP method with `_method`
+ // And an `X-HTTP-Method-Override` header.
+ if (options.emulateHTTP && (type === 'PUT' || type === 'DELETE' || type === 'PATCH')) {
+ params.type = 'POST';
+ if (options.emulateJSON) params.data._method = type;
+ var beforeSend = options.beforeSend;
+ options.beforeSend = function(xhr) {
+ xhr.setRequestHeader('X-HTTP-Method-Override', type);
+ if (beforeSend) return beforeSend.apply(this, arguments);
+ };
+ }
+
+ // Don't process data on a non-GET request.
+ if (params.type !== 'GET' && !options.emulateJSON) {
+ params.processData = false;
+ }
+
+ // If we're sending a `PATCH` request, and we're in an old Internet Explorer
+ // that still has ActiveX enabled by default, override jQuery to use that
+ // for XHR instead. Remove this line when jQuery supports `PATCH` on IE8.
+ if (params.type === 'PATCH' && noXhrPatch) {
+ params.xhr = function() {
+ return new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
+ };
+ }
+
+ // Make the request, allowing the user to override any Ajax options.
+ var xhr = options.xhr = Backbone.ajax(_.extend(params, options));
+ model.trigger('request', model, xhr, options);
+ return xhr;
+ };
+
+ var noXhrPatch =
+ typeof window !== 'undefined' && !!window.ActiveXObject &&
+ !(window.XMLHttpRequest && (new XMLHttpRequest).dispatchEvent);
+
+ // Map from CRUD to HTTP for our default `Backbone.sync` implementation.
+ var methodMap = {
+ 'create': 'POST',
+ 'update': 'PUT',
+ 'patch': 'PATCH',
+ 'delete': 'DELETE',
+ 'read': 'GET'
+ };
+
+ // Set the default implementation of `Backbone.ajax` to proxy through to `$`.
+ // Override this if you'd like to use a different library.
+ Backbone.ajax = function() {
+ return Backbone.$.ajax.apply(Backbone.$, arguments);
+ };
+
+ // Backbone.Router
+ // ---------------
+
+ // Routers map faux-URLs to actions, and fire events when routes are
+ // matched. Creating a new one sets its `routes` hash, if not set statically.
+ var Router = Backbone.Router = function(options) {
+ options || (options = {});
+ if (options.routes) this.routes = options.routes;
+ this._bindRoutes();
+ this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
+ };
+
+ // Cached regular expressions for matching named param parts and splatted
+ // parts of route strings.
+ var optionalParam = /\((.*?)\)/g;
+ var namedParam = /(\(\?)?:\w+/g;
+ var splatParam = /\*\w+/g;
+ var escapeRegExp = /[\-{}\[\]+?.,\\\^$|#\s]/g;
+
+ // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.Router** properties and methods.
+ _.extend(Router.prototype, Events, {
+
+ // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
+ // initialization logic.
+ initialize: function(){},
+
+ // Manually bind a single named route to a callback. For example:
+ //
+ // this.route('search/:query/p:num', 'search', function(query, num) {
+ // ...
+ // });
+ //
+ route: function(route, name, callback) {
+ if (!_.isRegExp(route)) route = this._routeToRegExp(route);
+ if (_.isFunction(name)) {
+ callback = name;
+ name = '';
+ }
+ if (!callback) callback = this[name];
+ var router = this;
+ Backbone.history.route(route, function(fragment) {
+ var args = router._extractParameters(route, fragment);
+ router.execute(callback, args);
+ router.trigger.apply(router, ['route:' + name].concat(args));
+ router.trigger('route', name, args);
+ Backbone.history.trigger('route', router, name, args);
+ });
+ return this;
+ },
+
+ // Execute a route handler with the provided parameters. This is an
+ // excellent place to do pre-route setup or post-route cleanup.
+ execute: function(callback, args) {
+ if (callback) callback.apply(this, args);
+ },
+
+ // Simple proxy to `Backbone.history` to save a fragment into the history.
+ navigate: function(fragment, options) {
+ Backbone.history.navigate(fragment, options);
+ return this;
+ },
+
+ // Bind all defined routes to `Backbone.history`. We have to reverse the
+ // order of the routes here to support behavior where the most general
+ // routes can be defined at the bottom of the route map.
+ _bindRoutes: function() {
+ if (!this.routes) return;
+ this.routes = _.result(this, 'routes');
+ var route, routes = _.keys(this.routes);
+ while ((route = routes.pop()) != null) {
+ this.route(route, this.routes[route]);
+ }
+ },
+
+ // Convert a route string into a regular expression, suitable for matching
+ // against the current location hash.
+ _routeToRegExp: function(route) {
+ route = route.replace(escapeRegExp, '\\$&')
+ .replace(optionalParam, '(?:$1)?')
+ .replace(namedParam, function(match, optional) {
+ return optional ? match : '([^/?]+)';
+ })
+ .replace(splatParam, '([^?]*?)');
+ return new RegExp('^' + route + '(?:\\?([\\s\\S]*))?$');
+ },
+
+ // Given a route, and a URL fragment that it matches, return the array of
+ // extracted decoded parameters. Empty or unmatched parameters will be
+ // treated as `null` to normalize cross-browser behavior.
+ _extractParameters: function(route, fragment) {
+ var params = route.exec(fragment).slice(1);
+ return _.map(params, function(param, i) {
+ // Don't decode the search params.
+ if (i === params.length - 1) return param || null;
+ return param ? decodeURIComponent(param) : null;
+ });
+ }
+
+ });
+
+ // Backbone.History
+ // ----------------
+
+ // Handles cross-browser history management, based on either
+ // [pushState](http://diveintohtml5.info/history.html) and real URLs, or
+ // [onhashchange](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/DOM/window.onhashchange)
+ // and URL fragments. If the browser supports neither (old IE, natch),
+ // falls back to polling.
+ var History = Backbone.History = function() {
+ this.handlers = [];
+ _.bindAll(this, 'checkUrl');
+
+ // Ensure that `History` can be used outside of the browser.
+ if (typeof window !== 'undefined') {
+ this.location = window.location;
+ this.history = window.history;
+ }
+ };
+
+ // Cached regex for stripping a leading hash/slash and trailing space.
+ var routeStripper = /^[#\/]|\s+$/g;
+
+ // Cached regex for stripping leading and trailing slashes.
+ var rootStripper = /^\/+|\/+$/g;
+
+ // Cached regex for detecting MSIE.
+ var isExplorer = /msie [\w.]+/;
+
+ // Cached regex for removing a trailing slash.
+ var trailingSlash = /\/$/;
+
+ // Cached regex for stripping urls of hash.
+ var pathStripper = /#.*$/;
+
+ // Has the history handling already been started?
+ History.started = false;
+
+ // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.History** properties and methods.
+ _.extend(History.prototype, Events, {
+
+ // The default interval to poll for hash changes, if necessary, is
+ // twenty times a second.
+ interval: 50,
+
+ // Are we at the app root?
+ atRoot: function() {
+ return this.location.pathname.replace(/[^\/]$/, '$&/') === this.root;
+ },
+
+ // Gets the true hash value. Cannot use location.hash directly due to bug
+ // in Firefox where location.hash will always be decoded.
+ getHash: function(window) {
+ var match = (window || this).location.href.match(/#(.*)$/);
+ return match ? match[1] : '';
+ },
+
+ // Get the cross-browser normalized URL fragment, either from the URL,
+ // the hash, or the override.
+ getFragment: function(fragment, forcePushState) {
+ if (fragment == null) {
+ if (this._hasPushState || !this._wantsHashChange || forcePushState) {
+ fragment = decodeURI(this.location.pathname + this.location.search);
+ var root = this.root.replace(trailingSlash, '');
+ if (!fragment.indexOf(root)) fragment = fragment.slice(root.length);
+ } else {
+ fragment = this.getHash();
+ }
+ }
+ return fragment.replace(routeStripper, '');
+ },
+
+ // Start the hash change handling, returning `true` if the current URL matches
+ // an existing route, and `false` otherwise.
+ start: function(options) {
+ if (History.started) throw new Error("Backbone.history has already been started");
+ History.started = true;
+
+ // Figure out the initial configuration. Do we need an iframe?
+ // Is pushState desired ... is it available?
+ this.options = _.extend({root: '/'}, this.options, options);
+ this.root = this.options.root;
+ this._wantsHashChange = this.options.hashChange !== false;
+ this._wantsPushState = !!this.options.pushState;
+ this._hasPushState = !!(this.options.pushState && this.history && this.history.pushState);
+ var fragment = this.getFragment();
+ var docMode = document.documentMode;
+ var oldIE = (isExplorer.exec(navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase()) && (!docMode || docMode <= 7));
+
+ // Normalize root to always include a leading and trailing slash.
+ this.root = ('/' + this.root + '/').replace(rootStripper, '/');
+
+ if (oldIE && this._wantsHashChange) {
+ var frame = Backbone.$('<iframe src="javascript:0" tabindex="-1">');
+ this.iframe = frame.hide().appendTo('body')[0].contentWindow;
+ this.navigate(fragment);
+ }
+
+ // Depending on whether we're using pushState or hashes, and whether
+ // 'onhashchange' is supported, determine how we check the URL state.
+ if (this._hasPushState) {
+ Backbone.$(window).on('popstate', this.checkUrl);
+ } else if (this._wantsHashChange && ('onhashchange' in window) && !oldIE) {
+ Backbone.$(window).on('hashchange', this.checkUrl);
+ } else if (this._wantsHashChange) {
+ this._checkUrlInterval = setInterval(this.checkUrl, this.interval);
+ }
+
+ // Determine if we need to change the base url, for a pushState link
+ // opened by a non-pushState browser.
+ this.fragment = fragment;
+ var loc = this.location;
+
+ // Transition from hashChange to pushState or vice versa if both are
+ // requested.
+ if (this._wantsHashChange && this._wantsPushState) {
+
+ // If we've started off with a route from a `pushState`-enabled
+ // browser, but we're currently in a browser that doesn't support it...
+ if (!this._hasPushState && !this.atRoot()) {
+ this.fragment = this.getFragment(null, true);
+ this.location.replace(this.root + '#' + this.fragment);
+ // Return immediately as browser will do redirect to new url
+ return true;
+
+ // Or if we've started out with a hash-based route, but we're currently
+ // in a browser where it could be `pushState`-based instead...
+ } else if (this._hasPushState && this.atRoot() && loc.hash) {
+ this.fragment = this.getHash().replace(routeStripper, '');
+ this.history.replaceState({}, document.title, this.root + this.fragment);
+ }
+
+ }
+
+ if (!this.options.silent) return this.loadUrl();
+ },
+
+ // Disable Backbone.history, perhaps temporarily. Not useful in a real app,
+ // but possibly useful for unit testing Routers.
+ stop: function() {
+ Backbone.$(window).off('popstate', this.checkUrl).off('hashchange', this.checkUrl);
+ if (this._checkUrlInterval) clearInterval(this._checkUrlInterval);
+ History.started = false;
+ },
+
+ // Add a route to be tested when the fragment changes. Routes added later
+ // may override previous routes.
+ route: function(route, callback) {
+ this.handlers.unshift({route: route, callback: callback});
+ },
+
+ // Checks the current URL to see if it has changed, and if it has,
+ // calls `loadUrl`, normalizing across the hidden iframe.
+ checkUrl: function(e) {
+ var current = this.getFragment();
+ if (current === this.fragment && this.iframe) {
+ current = this.getFragment(this.getHash(this.iframe));
+ }
+ if (current === this.fragment) return false;
+ if (this.iframe) this.navigate(current);
+ this.loadUrl();
+ },
+
+ // Attempt to load the current URL fragment. If a route succeeds with a
+ // match, returns `true`. If no defined routes matches the fragment,
+ // returns `false`.
+ loadUrl: function(fragment) {
+ fragment = this.fragment = this.getFragment(fragment);
+ return _.any(this.handlers, function(handler) {
+ if (handler.route.test(fragment)) {
+ handler.callback(fragment);
+ return true;
+ }
+ });
+ },
+
+ // Save a fragment into the hash history, or replace the URL state if the
+ // 'replace' option is passed. You are responsible for properly URL-encoding
+ // the fragment in advance.
+ //
+ // The options object can contain `trigger: true` if you wish to have the
+ // route callback be fired (not usually desirable), or `replace: true`, if
+ // you wish to modify the current URL without adding an entry to the history.
+ navigate: function(fragment, options) {
+ if (!History.started) return false;
+ if (!options || options === true) options = {trigger: !!options};
+
+ var url = this.root + (fragment = this.getFragment(fragment || ''));
+
+ // Strip the hash for matching.
+ fragment = fragment.replace(pathStripper, '');
+
+ if (this.fragment === fragment) return;
+ this.fragment = fragment;
+
+ // Don't include a trailing slash on the root.
+ if (fragment === '' && url !== '/') url = url.slice(0, -1);
+
+ // If pushState is available, we use it to set the fragment as a real URL.
+ if (this._hasPushState) {
+ this.history[options.replace ? 'replaceState' : 'pushState']({}, document.title, url);
+
+ // If hash changes haven't been explicitly disabled, update the hash
+ // fragment to store history.
+ } else if (this._wantsHashChange) {
+ this._updateHash(this.location, fragment, options.replace);
+ if (this.iframe && (fragment !== this.getFragment(this.getHash(this.iframe)))) {
+ // Opening and closing the iframe tricks IE7 and earlier to push a
+ // history entry on hash-tag change. When replace is true, we don't
+ // want this.
+ if(!options.replace) this.iframe.document.open().close();
+ this._updateHash(this.iframe.location, fragment, options.replace);
+ }
+
+ // If you've told us that you explicitly don't want fallback hashchange-
+ // based history, then `navigate` becomes a page refresh.
+ } else {
+ return this.location.assign(url);
+ }
+ if (options.trigger) return this.loadUrl(fragment);
+ },
+
+ // Update the hash location, either replacing the current entry, or adding
+ // a new one to the browser history.
+ _updateHash: function(location, fragment, replace) {
+ if (replace) {
+ var href = location.href.replace(/(javascript:|#).*$/, '');
+ location.replace(href + '#' + fragment);
+ } else {
+ // Some browsers require that `hash` contains a leading #.
+ location.hash = '#' + fragment;
+ }
+ }
+
+ });
+
+ // Create the default Backbone.history.
+ Backbone.history = new History;
+
+ // Helpers
+ // -------
+
+ // Helper function to correctly set up the prototype chain, for subclasses.
+ // Similar to `goog.inherits`, but uses a hash of prototype properties and
+ // class properties to be extended.
+ var extend = function(protoProps, staticProps) {
+ var parent = this;
+ var child;
+
+ // The constructor function for the new subclass is either defined by you
+ // (the "constructor" property in your `extend` definition), or defaulted
+ // by us to simply call the parent's constructor.
+ if (protoProps && _.has(protoProps, 'constructor')) {
+ child = protoProps.constructor;
+ } else {
+ child = function(){ return parent.apply(this, arguments); };
+ }
+
+ // Add static properties to the constructor function, if supplied.
+ _.extend(child, parent, staticProps);
+
+ // Set the prototype chain to inherit from `parent`, without calling
+ // `parent`'s constructor function.
+ var Surrogate = function(){ this.constructor = child; };
+ Surrogate.prototype = parent.prototype;
+ child.prototype = new Surrogate;
+
+ // Add prototype properties (instance properties) to the subclass,
+ // if supplied.
+ if (protoProps) _.extend(child.prototype, protoProps);
+
+ // Set a convenience property in case the parent's prototype is needed
+ // later.
+ child.__super__ = parent.prototype;
+
+ return child;
+ };
+
+ // Set up inheritance for the model, collection, router, view and history.
+ Model.extend = Collection.extend = Router.extend = View.extend = History.extend = extend;
+
+ // Throw an error when a URL is needed, and none is supplied.
+ var urlError = function() {
+ throw new Error('A "url" property or function must be specified');
+ };
+
+ // Wrap an optional error callback with a fallback error event.
+ var wrapError = function(model, options) {
+ var error = options.error;
+ options.error = function(resp) {
+ if (error) error(model, resp, options);
+ model.trigger('error', model, resp, options);
+ };
+ };
+
+ return Backbone;
+
+}));